Solvents in Chemistry

Solvents and sustainable chemistry

Solvents are widely recognized to be of great environmental concern. The reduction of their use is one of the most important aims of green chemistry. In addition to this, the appropriate selection of solvent for a process can greatly improve the sustainability of a chemical production process. There has also been extensive research into the application of so-called green solvents, such as ionic...

Ionic Liquids: Solvents for sustainable chemistry

Organo-Zintl clusters soluble in conventional organic solvents: setting the stage for organo-Zintl cluster chemistry.

Organo-Zintl cluster ions were synthesized by reactions of alkynes with Ge94- clusters in ethylenediamine. The triple bonds are hydrogenated to double bonds during the process. The resulting dial-kenylated species [RHC=CHGe9CH=CHR]2- have lower charge, their alkali-metal cations can be exchanged for tetralkylammonium cations, and the resulting compounds are soluble in nonpolar solvents. This wa...

Electrostatic interactions of colloidal particles in nonpolar solvents: role of surface chemistry and charge control agents.

We study the electrostatic and hydrodynamic interactions of colloidal particles in nonpolar solvents. Using blinking optical tweezers, we can extract the screening length, kappa-1, the effective surface potential, |ezeta*|, and the hydrodynamic radius, ah, in a single measurement. We apply this technique to suspensions of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) particles in hexadecane with so...

Green solvents in carbohydrate chemistry: from raw materials to fine chemicals.

Fine Chemicals Angeles Farrań,† Chao Cai,‡ Manuel Sandoval, Yongmei Xu, Jian Liu, María J. Hernaíz,* and Robert J. Linhardt* †Departamento de Química Orgańica y Bio-Orgańica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educacioń a Distancia, Paseo Senda del Rey 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain ‡Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of...